Free CLE: Focus Groups, Mock Trials, and Big Data – How, When, and Why

On September 27th, I will be giving a 2-hour CLE talk about how to do your own focus groups when you can’t afford a professional and the in’s and out’s of Big Data. There is so much here to dissect and you won’t regret attending. It may even save you tens of millions of dollars (and that’s not puffery).

The CLE is free to attend with my code below. I hope you will join me!

You can register here: https://mylawcle.com/products/focus-groups-mock-trials-and-big-data-how-when-and-why/

Free code: MockTrials&MoreCLE

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Rose-Colored Glasses

“Can you listen to the evidence and apply the law?”

Almost every biased juror will say yes, but we all know that doesn’t mean they are actually fair and unbiased.

I’m not sure how “listening to evidence” has any bearing on bias. Everyone has a political bias and still listens to the evidence while filtering it through the bias. Listening to the evidence involves hearing and attention, not bias. That filtered evidence is then applied to the law, yet it still doesn’t mean any of the process was fair because there was a filter involved.

You need to preempt this. For one, file motions with the judge regarding bias and explain this concept. Second, preempt jurors from rehabilitation by explaining bias appropriately.

Try “rose-colored glasses” as an example. Imagine we all wear glasses. Often, the tint is clear. We see things without any haze or tint. However, some of us have rose-colored glasses when it comes to specific topics or subjects. The glasses become tinted through life experiences, which develop beliefs. Any information regarding that topic matter is seen through a tinted filter. Some information is filtered out, and some comes through with a different color. What we need to know, Ms. Juror, is whether any of the issues, in this case, cause a little tint in your glasses such that you might see and interpret things through the lens of that experience in a way that might be unfair to either party. I know the judge will ask you if you can listen to the evidence and apply the law, and I know everyone here will say yes to that, but what we really need to know is, as you’re listening, are you listening without any filters? We want to know what those filters might be and how you think they could impact you in being entirely neutral.

You can then go into the pie or any other bias example you prefer. Explain how you would still sample the pies (listen to the evidence), but your experiences or beliefs would tint your sampling, so when you go to apply the evidence to the law, you wouldn’t have a clean and clear (entirely neutral) view of what the evidence really is as it’s been colored. Who feels like they might have a colored view, even if only slightly?

Adding this to your voir dire should help avoid some of the rehabilitation and get jurors to understand how bias might affect them.

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Big Data: What’s All the Fuss?

Big Data is becoming ever more pervasive in trial preparation, and for good reason. To use it effectively, you must understand what it is, what it is not, and how it best fits in your toolbox. Conventionally, trial preparation has included focus groups and mock trials, but now that big data is on the scene, how do these tools play well together? When should you use one over the others? What exactly is Big Data, and why should you adopt it?

What is Big Data, and Why is it Useful?

Big Data is the nomenclature for any large data set study. Several vendors run Big Data jury studies, some of which are more valid and reliable than others, a topic I won’t cover in this article. However, you can contact me privately if you have a vendor and want to know my opinion. 

The benefits of Big Data are its ability to extrapolate and predict. Most often, they are used to predict both liability and damages case outcomes. By running the case by several hundred jurors, we can fairly accurately predict what your best, worst, and average day in court would yield across different variables (such as damages “ask” or liability factors). For example, we can test the same case facts with three different damages asks: $10 million, $40 million, and $75 million. Let’s suppose that the low ask yields an average verdict of $5.5 million with a 75% win rate, the middle ask yields an average verdict of $30 million with a 78% win rate, and the large ask yields an average verdict of $25 million with a 60% win rate. That tells us that you are leaving tens of millions of dollars on the table by asking for $10 million, but $75 million angered jurors and caused them to punish you with a lower case value and win rate. You would then know that your ask at trial should likely be around $30 million and that you have a high probability of winning. 

You will also receive a juror profile. At the outset, jurors fill out answers to several questions, often answering up to 80 intake questions. Their answers are then correlated with their liability and damages verdicts to give you a profile of a good or bad juror. These criteria are often things we can only learn from Big Data. For example, someone who watches the NFL might be 47% less likely to find in your favor while someone who regularly watches Double Jeopardy may be 35% more likely to give large damages. 

How accurate is Big Data? It’s hard to tell as many cases settle and trial often brings surprises, but it is known to be fairly accurate, often within 5% of verdicts. Some of this accuracy, however, stems from properly preparing a Big Data study, which many fail to do. 

Do I Need a Consultant to Run a Big Data Study?

No, you are not required to have a consultant, though I think it’s a mistake to run one without. I regularly review Big Data scripts submitted prior to my retention. I find various errors, including weak defense arguments, missing information, confusion, damages asks that are outside the limits of the venue caps, misinformation regarding expert opinions, and very frequently weak case framing. All of these can render Big Data results misleading and invalid, and all were missed by the Big Data vendors.

Avoiding these pitfalls is hard when you are immersed in the case. Most Big Data vendors will suggest having a consultant assist with the project. Those who run Big Data studies are statisticians and know how to work with data. Some are even attorneys. However, they do not have the skills or the time to read through case documents and converse with you about small but important details of the case. They may review your scripts and make suggested changes, but they are not involved in the depths of the case necessary to catch errors or create proper framing. Therefore, to save the integrity of the study, it is suggested to have a consultant assist on the front and back ends. When I work with Big Data, the costs are only slightly higher to have my involvement as I’m taking work off their plates in preparing the study properly. Thus, you can have a consultant on board to direct the research and dive deep into the case for the same price or a few thousand more.

Having a consultant help with Big Data is also essential for moving forward and implementing findings. When you find out what jurors are good or bad, how do you implement those questions into your voir dire? How much weight do you give them compared to what jurors say during voir dire? How do you implement the Big Data findings into your case framing? These are all issues a consultant can help with.

Big Data vs Focus Groups & Mock Trials

How does Big Data interact with focus groups and mock trials? Do we still need these smaller juror studies? Absolutely. Big Data is excellent at predicting damages and trial outcomes but not very useful for framing or understanding what jurors like or dislike about the case. It does nothing to show deliberations or group dynamics. Conversely, focus groups and mock trials are terrible at predicting damages or case outcomes but are fantastic for case framing, group dynamics, and getting feedback on issues with the case.

When budgets allow, I prefer to run a focus group or mock trial first to adjust case framing and then use that new frame for a more accurate Big Data study. However, suppose you are headed to mediation and need an early read on the case value. In that case, it may be worth running a Big Data study first and then running focus groups and mock trials, potentially running a second Big Data study later. 

Costs

What does this all cost? As with most things in life, it depends. The price varies with the length of the statements and videos, as well as the number of damages anchors or other variables tested. If you would like a quote, don’t hesitate to reach out.

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Misconceptions: Forepersons and Leaders on Your Jury

Your foreperson is the most important juror…or is he/she?

Often, the loudest and most persuasive voice is not the foreperson, yet they lead the jury.

In the Trump trial, the foreperson has been chosen as juror 1. We hear a lot of speculation in this trial and others: Will the foreperson lead the jury to a defense verdict? How do they influence discussions?

In reality, however, the foreperson is often moreso a moderator of discussion and notetaker than they are influencers. Leaders are the more vocal and persuasive jurors, which often does not align with being foreperson.

In some instances, jurors will elect a someone who seems fair and even-tempered to be foreperson. Other times, someone who otherwise would have been more vocal is elected (or volunteers) for the position, but in realizing their job is to moderate a discussion, they will step back from the podium and allow others to speak first.

A juror who is a leader by experience (lawyer, doctor, etc.) may become foreperson and still be influential, but I would argue that they are influential because of their experience rather than their position as foreperson.

When looking at mock trial videos or talking to jurors, focus on the voices, not the position.

Further, there’s a difference between a leader and an outspoken juror.

Finding the possible leaders is essential for a good jury selection, but identifying them isn’t always so straight forward.

There are jurors who have leadership roles in life, expertise about the subject matter, jurors who are outgoing and friendly and seem to take the lead on opening the door or helping other jurors. These are all possible leaders.

But what about the overly talkative juror? Often, these aren’t so much leaders as they are wild cards and nuisances to the other jurors. Just because a juror talks a lot does not make them a leader, though they can (and likely will) have a strong voice in deliberations. The difference is that they are less likely to sway votes as they are to be shoved aside and cause annoyance to other jurors.

Whether these jurors will cross the line into being a problem is a matter of degree and spotting them is often more art than science. Sometimes you can tell by the way other jurors react to their speaking time during jury selection. Is this juror an automatic strike? That depends on your other options, how unpredictable they are in their leanings, and whether their radical and loud views will hurt you by becoming the spokesperson for your side. The point is, watch these jurors carefully. Just because you think they are vocal and likely to vote your way does not mean they are leaders who will actually help your cause.

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Let’s talk bifurcation

Let’s talk bifurcation.

Nick Rowley recently gave a talk about bifurcation, and I agree with his thinking and belief that bifurcation is widely underutilized. However, I think there are some risks that Nick may overcome simply by being Nick, so let’s discuss.

First, bifurcation means separating the liability and damages portions of the trial. The damages phase is only appropriate if jurors find in the plaintiff’s favor on liability. Sometimes, this means having the same jury hear both phases, and other times, it may mean separate juries and separate trials. This has implications.

The benefits of bifurcating are based on jurors’ innate tendencies to let liability bleed over to damages (and vice versa). This bleedover can sometimes be helpful, but it is often detrimental. For example, if you have a weak liability case (i.e., comparative fault or little to no anger points), the liability weaknesses can trigger jurors to want to give lower damages. Bifurcation, in this instance, can help put a barrier between a weak liability and a strong damages case, thereby releasing some of the hold that liability problems have on damages.

Some considerations, however, are whether you would end up with two separate juries. While Nick Rowley isn’t so concerned about this setup, I believe it can backfire in some cases. Having two separate juries hear liability and damages essentially gives you an admitted liability case when approaching damages, which means jurors hear nothing about what happened. Sometimes, this may be preferable (i.e., a typical car crash case where the defendant is a nice elderly man who simply had the sun in his eyes for a moment). Other times, you want jurors to hear the liability portion to incite anger. In those instances, you would be best served by bifurcating with the same jury.

In cases where liability and damages are both strong, you may not want to bifurcate, as they will bolster one another. That said, many cases can benefit from bifurcation, and not doing so may cost you substantially.

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Best Kept Secret

Workdays are one of the consultant’s best-kept secrets…

They are one of the best, most efficient, most cost-savvy ways to use a consultant.

They’re really not a secret, but rather far under-appreciated and under-utilized.

During a workday, you have full access to the consultant, which means you can accomplish several objectives simultaneously.

For example, you can work up more minor cases, run them through the consultant back-to-back, and receive framing help on several cases that share in the cost. Consulting help doesn’t have to be all-or-nothing, and work days are one of several fantastic ways to get help on smaller cases without breaking the budget.

You can combine case framing with work on opening statements, voir dire, or even call in a witness to do some witness preparation.

If done in person, you can work on personal skills, such as voir dire coaching, do in-person witness prep, work together on opening PowerPoints, and run through cases.

If you would like to set up a workday, contact me at jessica@trialdynamics.net or call 303-653-2233

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Did you know that I answer questions without a fee?

Did you know that I answer smaller scale questions without a fee?

Why would I give away time for free? Perhaps I’m crazy, though I don’t think that’s the case.

For one, it pays down the road so it’s not entirely selfless. Some of those donated minutes turn into business. Others don’t and that’s okay.

Second, it allows me to genuinely offer help and make cases stronger, especially on smaller cases where professional help isn’t affordable.

Third, sometimes a little direction provides a big boost but isn’t worth the billing headache.

Fourth, it opens the door for many into the world of jury consulting which, in the end, helps everyone.

Do you need help? Try me. I may just do it for free.

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Anger Cannot Overcome Causation

Do you think your angering facts will overcome causation issues? Think again.

Let me be clear. I am not talking about disputed causation, as is present in most cases. I am talking about a pure lack of causation.

Sometimes, I get cases where the causal link is very attenuated and weak, yet the case has other anger-inducing facts. The attorneys seem to gloss over the causation issues, assuming that the negligence itself, combined with the defendant’s conduct or behavior, will prevail and result in a verdict.

While this can happen in some instances where jurors are so blinded by their anger that they create the outcome they want, it’s a mistake to assume you have a strong case simply because you have good facts. Anger-inducing facts certainly help bolster a case and can overcome other bad facts (and disputed causation), but they may or may not overcome a lack of causation.

Jurors are generally pretty good at dissecting the elements of a case. If causation is too weak, they will often find negligence but still return a defense verdict based on causation.

The best way to determine whether your causation argument is too weak is to test the case. If you need a copy of my free guide on conducting your own focus groups when you can’t afford a professional, let me know.

We can also help with case analysis. A couple of hours spent with a jury consultant can be beneficial in pointing you in the right direction.

Contact me if you would like to discuss assistance with a case.

**If you would like to attend TLU Huntington Beach June 5-9, you may use my discount code for $200 off: 200TRIALDYNAMICS

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Anchoring: What You’re Missing

Let’s talk about anchoring.

Everyone knows the importance of anchoring a damages ask, but did you know that anchors are non-specific?

For example, you only need to mention large numbers, whether dollars or anything else, to anchor a higher dollar figure. You can talk about the number of medical errors per year, the number of brain cells, or the number of reported crimes – you get the point. Any large number will anchor.

So, what does that mean in practice?

For one, you can still anchor your damages request even in states where you cannot ask for a certain number. You can do this by mentioning large numbers throughout the trial. Get witnesses to testify about large figures relevant to the case or their practice field. Use statistics in closing.

Second, you can (and should) anchor throughout the trial. Often, attorneys will anchor in voir dire, opening, and then in closing, but there are often days or weeks of trial testimony in between. Instead, work on anchoring through experts. The hospitalist can testify to how many patients come through that chain’s doors yearly. In a brain injury case, the doctor or neuropsychologist can testify about how many brain cells there are in the human brain. The trucking expert can testify to how many trucks are on the road across the country any given day, how many miles are driven per year, or how many minutes drivers spend behind the wheel. Find anchors that fit and trickle them in throughout the trial.

One caveat: Whenever possible, your anchor should be higher than the damages you seek (but not so high that they seem like an outrageous anchor). If you have several anchors throughout the trial, you can have one or two that are lower and still properly anchor, but the rule of thumb is to have them be higher than your ask.

If you need help with case framing and finding anchors, reach out.

**I will be teaching and sponsoring at Trial Lawyers University in Huntington Beach June 5-9. If you would like to attend, you may use my discount code 200TRIALDYNAMICS for $200 off registration: www.tlubeach.com

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TLU Huntington Beach Discount Code – Selling Fast!

I will be sponsoring, speaking, and running a workshop at Trial Lawyers University in Huntington Beach in June. If you have never been to one of these conferences, you are sorely missing out. They are by far the best conference for hands-on learning from the best in the profession. I have never heard of a single participant complain that they did not get more than their money’s worth out of it. I highly suggest you sign up (and quickly as hotel rooms are selling out at the main smaller hotel which is where you would want to be for quick access and the best networking). You can use my code TRIALDYNAMICS for $200 off admission.

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